【2023REARD文旅奖获奖作品/南京黑耀】乡村生态及文化重构—龙宫村落

【2023REARD文旅奖获奖作品/南京黑耀】乡村生态及文化重构—龙宫村落

黑耀的实践着眼于当代社会语境下对城市和建筑的再研究，关注各个相关领域，跨越不同尺度。我们认为设计是社会人文的关爱，是城市发展的编码再生，是场所与生活的共鸣共生。由此展开的研究和讨论，激发每一个项目独特创新的理念，使得我们的设计充分展现项目自身独有的场所性。

REARD REARD锐地星 2024年03月06日 12:02 上海

第三届REARD文旅及乡村振兴创意设计大赛

THE 3rd REARD CREATIVE DESIGN COMPETITION OF CULTURAL TOURISM AND RURAL REVITALIZATION

2023评审会荣誉奖项目赏析

www.heyaodesign.com

▲禅耕名宿 Zen Cultivation Famous Hotel

按照以人为本的设计理论，从人、建筑、自然构成和谐统一，建筑与环境有机结合，创造一个舒适的空间小环境。在保护大自然的基础上，采用多元化低能模式，形成一个与自然生态相平衡的良性循环体系，重建和恢复生态，进而营造良好的田园景观。具体措施如下：

According to the people-oriented design theory, from the harmonious unity of people, architecture and nature, architecture and environment are organically combined to create a comfortable space environment. On the basis of protecting nature, a diversified low-energy model is adopted to form a virtuous circle system that is balanced with the natural ecology, rebuild and restore the ecology, and then create a good pastoral landscape.The specific measures are as follows:

乡村生态及文化重构—龙宫村落

南京市黑耀城市建筑规划设计有限公司

▲溪戏水街 Water Street

VILLAGE CONTEXT STUDY

村落脉络研究

本项目位于西南安顺市龙宫景区水竹园片区观音洞景点。项目属于喀斯特地貌构成的一片绿色谷地，其山水地貌清朗奇峻，人文和自然共存，是自然馈赠的绿色宝石，拥有浑然天成的自然基因。

The project is located in Guanyin Cave Scenic Spot in shuizhuyuan area of Longgong scenic spot in Anshun City. The project belongs to a green valley composed of karst landform. Its landscape is clear and magnificent, and Humanities and nature coexist. It is a green gem given by nature and has a natural gene.

▲禅耕名宿 Zen Cultivation Famous Hotel

我们研究自然地域村落肌理与山水自然的融合模式，将绿谷内村落的肌理重组和自然融合，激活村落文化，提升地域活力，为绿谷营造美好的人与自然的共生关系，实现绿谷桃源的人文情愫和绿色和谐的栖居地。

We study the integration mode of village texture and landscape nature in natural areas, reorganize the texture of villages in Green Valley and integrate them with nature, activate village culture, enhance regional vitality, create the best symbiotic relationship between man and nature for Green Valley, and realize the humanistic feelings of Green Valley Taoyuan and the habitat of green color harmony.

▲自然村落的绿色脉络研究 Study on the green context of natural villages

第一种类型：地势较为平坦的自然村落，树枝状的村落空间布局，建筑与地形、道路以枝状的组合，形成统一又有变化的村落形态，有机融入到自然生态中。

The first type: natural villages with relatively flat terrain, dendritic village spatial layout, buildings and terrain, roads with branches in combination, forming a unified and changing village form, organically integrated into the natural ecology.

第二种类型：地势相差较大的山地村落，条纹状的村落空间布局，建筑顺应地势、因地制宜的条状布局，与自然山体、水系形成共享的栖居环境。

The second type: mountain villages with large differences in terrain, striped village spatial layout, striped layout of buildings conforming to the terrain and adapting to local conditions, and forming a shared living environment with natural mountains and water systems.

VILLAGE TEXTURE COMBING

村落肌理梳理

▲综合服务区 Comprehensive Service Area

我们对区域内的村落空间布局进行整体研究，得出以下两种类型：

We conduct an overall study on the spatial layout of villages in the region and draw the following two types:

▲现场照片（改造前） Site Photos Before Reconstruction

修复古屋仅仅是工作的开始，更为重要的是复兴乡村的传统文化，而这些在城市化过程中逐渐淡化甚至被遗忘，文化内涵也被抽离。

The restoration of ancient houses is only the beginning of the work. The most important thing is to revive the traditional culture of the countryside, which has been gradually weakened or even forgotten in the process of urbanization, and the cultural connotation has been removed.

在古旧建筑修复中，将空置的、有历史价值的古旧建筑，通过修复和功能重置等方式进行保护利用，实现青年归乡，利用现有景区资源，积极发展乡村旅游聚集人气，有效达到传统村落的活化。

In the restoration of ancient buildings, the vacant ancient buildings with historical value are protected and utilized through restoration and function replacement, so as to realize the return of young people, make use of the existing scenic spot resources, actively develop rural tourism, gather popularity, and effectively activate the traditional villages.

▲自然村落的绿色脉络研究 Study on the green context of natural villages

当地村落整体具备以下特点：谷地及平坦村落与山水景观形成多元组合模式，相互渗透与配合，铸造人与自然高度和谐的人居环境。

The local village as a whole has the following characteristics: the valley and flat villages and landscapes form a diversified combination mode, mutual penetration and cooperation, and create a highly harmonious living environment between man and nature.

我们项目基于尊重自然山水本底，保护生态廊道、生态斑块、生态肌理，植入绿色规划理念和被动式低能耗方式，构筑山、水、村共融的空间体系。

Our project is based on respecting the background of natural landscapes, protecting ecological corridors, ecological plaques and ecological textures, implanting green planning concepts and passive low-energy consumption methods, and building a spatial system where mountains, water and villages are integrated.

▲开发强度控制与村落肌理梳理 Development intensity and village texture

现状建筑排布密集，整体建筑风貌混乱，原始的自然与文化脉络遭到破坏，配置率和利用率较低，我们以建筑低密度为原则，拆除无保留价值建筑，保留或改造当地特色建筑，整体控制建筑肌理与自然形态的融合。采用统一的少数民族建筑风貌，维持有序自然的村落肌理，与自然绿谷有机融合。

The current building arrangement is dense, the overall architectural style is chaotic, the original natural and cultural context is destroyed, and the allocation rate and utilization rate are low，Based on the principle of low building density, we demolish buildings with no reserved value, retain or renovate local characteristic buildings, and control the integration of architectural texture and natural form as a whole. Adopt a unified ethnic minority architectural style, maintain an orderly and natural village texture, and organically integrate with the natural green valley.

整体保证村落肌理，密度与功能和山水意境结合，坚持山、水、村、人和谐共生的原则，人文情愫和绿色和谐共享的栖居地。

The overall guarantee of the village texture, density and function and landscape artistic conception combined, adhere to the principle of harmonious coexistence of mountains, water, villages and people, humanistic feelings and green harmonious sharing of habitat.

GREEN ECOLOGICAL INTEGRATION

绿色生态融合

▲绿色融合 Green Environment Integration

在现有村落中有机结合现有道路系统和开放空间系统，构建开放、多样、和谐的可持续发展绿廊形态，整理提升河岸与农田的界面，河岸与村落的界面，塑造滨水空间，保证景观视野的开阔，形成自然的生态桃源基底。保证村落肌理，密度与功能和山水意境结合，坚持山、水、村、人和谐共生的原则，人文情愫和绿色和谐共享的栖居地。

Organically combine the existing road system and open space system in the existing villages to build an open, diverse and harmonious green corridor form for sustainable development, sort out and improve the interface between the river bank and farmland, the interface between the river bank and villages, shape the waterfront space, ensure the wide landscape vision and form a natural ecological peach garden base. Ensure the combination of village texture, density, function and landscape artistic conception, adhere to the principle of harmonious coexistence of mountain, water, village and people, and a habitat with humanistic feelings and green harmonious sharing.

OLD HOUSE RESTORATION AND ACTIVATION

老宅修复活化

▲平面图 Master Plan

建筑是凝固的历史，时光流逝留下经历了无数风雨的老建筑，但村民对传统建筑的传承与保护意识不强，因追求现代感而盲目建设，导致房屋的建筑风格不统一，建筑质量和建筑高度参差不齐，建筑形式缺乏美感，与周边环境协调相对较差，普遍存在盲目性和随意性，忽视了田野、山林的自然之美，使村庄失去了原有的亲切感和自然韵味。

Architecture is a solidified history. The passage of time leaves behind old buildings that have experienced countless storms. However, villagers do not have a strong sense of inheritance and protection of traditional buildings. They blindly build buildings because of the pursuit of modernity, resulting in inconsistent architectural style, uneven architectural quality and height, lack of aesthetic feeling in architectural form, and relatively poor coordination with the surrounding environment, Blindness and randomness are common, ignoring the natural beauty of fields and mountains, which makes the village lose its original cordiality and natural charm.

REBUILD CUSTOMS AND TOWNSHIP RULES

重建风俗乡规

▲空间场景图 Spatial scene map

重构乡村文化生态系统，不仅需要文化设施的建立、文化资源的保护以及文化产业的发展，也需要整合整个区域里的传统文化资源。恢复当地少数民族各具文化特征的风俗习惯，节庆活动，以及非物质文化遗产。如布依族的美食、服饰，屯堡汉族的服饰、手工艺、节庆活动也丰富多彩等等。

The reconstruction of rural cultural ecosystem not only needs the establishment of cultural facilities, the protection of cultural resources and the development of cultural industry, but also needs to integrate the traditional cultural resources in the whole region. Restore the customs, festivals and intangible cultural heritage of local ethnic minorities with different cultural characteristics. For example, the food and clothing of Buyi Nationality, and the clothing, handicrafts and festival activities of Tunpu Han nationality are also rich and colorful.

依托中华传统文化，挖掘传统道德资源，重建乡规民约，使村落具有更长的传统文化延承和传统乡村风貌呈现。

Relying on Chinese traditional culture, excavate traditional moral resources and rebuild Township rules and regulations, so as to make the village have a longer inheritance of traditional culture and presentation of traditional rural style.

VILLAGE ENVIRONMENT OPTIMIZATION

村落环境优化

▲绿色建筑与环境结合模式 Combination Mode of Green Building and Environment

雨水回收：有效处理屋顶雨水和地面雨水，提升场地对雨水的吸纳、蓄滞和缓释作用，达到绿色环保、循环再利用，减少雨水的排放量。

Rainwater recycling: Effectively treat roof rainwater and ground rainwater, improve the absorption, storage and slow release of rainwater in the site, achieve green environmental protection, recycling and reuse, and reduce the discharge of rainwater.

建筑材料：在当地建筑风貌控制条件下，采用太阳能光伏瓦和保温石材外墙等一系列技术，满足建筑的热能的贮存和释放作用，具有简单、经济、有效等优势，获得一种高效、低耗、少废、少污、生态平衡的建筑环境。

Building materials: Under the condition of local building style control, a series of technologies such as solar photovoltaic tiles and insulation stone exterior walls are used to meet the storage and release of thermal energy of buildings, with simple, economical and effective advantages, and to obtain a highly efficient, low consumption, less waste, less pollution, and ecological balance of the building environment.

河水净化：丰富河流驳岸形态，增加挺水植物和沉水植物，提高河流的自净能力；着重加强截污、治污的管理工作，在农田整治中合理布设生态沟渠，用于农田余水回收，防止污染水源并促进营养物质循环，净化后的水流再进入河道中。

River water purification: enrich the form of river barges, increase the water plants and submerged plants, improve the self-purification capacity of the river; focus on strengthening the management of pollution interception and pollution control, rationally lay ecological ditches in farmland improvement, for farmland waste water recycling, prevent polluted water sources and promote nutrient circulation, and then enter the river after purification.

山体保护：恢复自然与村落相互融合的生态格局，控制建筑密度，加强山体保护，涵养泉水生态环境，增加色叶植被，季节色彩的变换丰富景观层次。

Mountain protection: restore the ecological pattern of the integration of nature and villages, control building density, strengthen mountain protection, conserve the ecological environment of springs, increase the color leaf vegetation, and enrich the landscape level with the change of seasonal colors.

WAYS TO OPTIMIZE THE RIVER INTERFACE

在河道界面优化上采用方式

▲河道界面研究 Study on River Interface

竹林+河道：保留并梳理原有竹林驳岸，幽静优美河道增设亲水木栈道，供行人赏景休憩，增添趣味性；农田+河道：蜿蜒曲折的观景绿道，串联农田河道，生态沟渠有效净化农田余水，保护河道水质；亭子+河道：朴素雅致的亭子，人造景观与自然景观有机融合，提供赏景休憩的良好环境。

Bamboo Forest + River Channel: Retain and comb the original bamboo barge, and add a water-friendly wooden boardwalk for pedestrians to enjoy the scenery and rest, adding fun;Farmland + River Channel: Winding viewing greenway, connecting farmland rivers, ecological ditches effectively purify farmland remaining water and protect river water quality;Pavilion + River Channel: Simple and elegant pavilion, artificial landscape and natural landscape organic integration, providing a good environment for scenery and rest.

村落+河道：村落前采用硬质驳岸，增加活动空间及亲水平台，观景溪戏等多元化功能相融合，提供良好的宜居环境，享受生活乐趣。

Village + river: In front of the village, a hard barge is adopted, the activity space and the water platform are increased, and the diversified functions such as the scenic creek opera are integrated, providing a good livable environment and enjoying the joy of life.

在整个村落改造中，通过文化、礼俗和环境的重构，实现人与自然、人与家、人与人的生态永续。实现村庄整体活化及未来自生长活力，达到桃源绿谷的美好设想。

In the whole village transformation, the ecological sustainability between man and nature, man and family, man and man can be realized through the reconstruction of culture, customs and environment. Realize the overall activation and future self growth vitality of the village, and achieve the beautiful idea of Taoyuan Green Valley.